Code Mixing and Code Switching

Code is a system that is used by people to communicate with each other, they have to chosen a particular.

1. Code Switching is situation from one code to another( Suwito 1985: 68). Code switching not only occurs in the form of language change but also may happen in the change of the variant of language. 

2. Code Mixing is the change of one language to another within the same utterance or in the same oral/written text. It is a common phenomenon in societies in which two or more language are used, usually without a change of topic. 

Kind of Code Mixing
a.  Inner code mixing
b.  Outer code mixing

Kind of Code Switching
a. Internal code switching
b. External code switching 

Example of Code Mixing and Code Switching

Example 1
surat ini berisi permintaan borongan untuk memperbaiki kantor sebelah. saya sudah kenal dia. Orangnya baik, banyak relasi, dan tidak banyak mencari untung.  Lha saiki yen usahane pengin maju kudu wani ngono. ( sekarang jika usahanya ingin maju harus berani bertindak demikian)

Example 2
Vinod : mai to kuhungga ki yah one of the best novels of this year is.
(Saya akan mengatakan bahwa ini adalah novel terbaik tahun ini)
Mira: that's right.  It is decidedly one of the best novel of the year.
(Benar. Diputuskan novel itu memang novel terbaik tahun ini)

Example 3
P: I was surprised when I heard you speak bahasa Indonesia just now. I think you are the right person for the interview. Mudah mudahan tidak terlalu lama.  Bisa kita mulai sekarang?

R: well, boleh. Apa yang ingin dibaca.  Ibu tanyakan?

P: pertama tama saya ingin tahu a few details, nama, usia, alamat pekerjaan untuk kelengkapan data saya.

R: nama lengkap saya James Andrew Moloch,  saya berasal dari Australia , saya tinggal di jalan kiputih(dibaca keyputi)  menyewa rumah,  saya disana. Saya dsini hampir 2 tahun

P: your age?  Occupation?

R: oh,  saya lahir tahun tujuh dua. Saya bekerja di sebuah perusahaan multimedia, sebelumnya   saya bekerja di anak perusahaan Telkom sebagai konsultan. Lima Bulan saya sudah bekerja di perusahaan yang sekarang ini. Saya mengerjakan design animasi. 

Cause of Code Mixing and Code Switching
1. Talking about a particular topic
2. Expressing group identity
3. For prestige ( to soften or strengthen request or command)
4. To exclude other people when a comment is intended for only a limited audience
5. Rival in speaking
6. Time and place in speaking

Conclusion

Code Switching is the mixing of words,  phrases and sentences from two distinct grammatical (,sub)  system across sentence boundaries within the same speech event.  Code mixing is the embedding of various linguistic unit such as affixes( bound morphemes)  word( unbound morphemes), phrase and clauses from a cooperative activity where the participants, in order to in infer what is intended, must reconcile what they hear with what they understand