Syntax

Source: Study Book Linguistic State University of Surabaya

1.  The syntax comes from Dutch syntaxis. In English used the term syntax.Syntax is an offshoot of the science of language to talk about the ins and outs of discourse, sentences, clauses, and phrases (Ramlan, 2001). Syntactic is one branch of grammar which the structure of sentences, clauses, and phrases.

2.   Type Phrase :

(   a)     Endosentrik coordinative phrases that phrase similar to its constituent elements can be inserted conjunctions and, or, for example: home yard, grandparents, spouses

(    b)    Endosentrik attributive phrase,   the phrase that its constituent elements are not equal and so can not be inserted conjunctions and, or, for example: new books, are learning, not teaching

(c)     Apositif endosentrik phrase, that phrase interchangeable elements in a sentence but can not be associated with the word and and or. 

3.    Clause

            A clause is a grammatical units in the form of a group of words which at least consists of subject and predicate and have the potential to be a sentence.Kridalaksana (1982: 82).

  Types of Clauses

            (1) The nominal clause

            (2) verbal clause

            (3) Clause numbers

            (4) The next clause

4.    Sentence

The sentence is the smallest unit of a collection of words that contains a complete thought. Keraf (1984: 156) defines the phrase as a part of the speech that preceded and followed by silence, while the intonation shows a part of speech it is complete. Kridalaksana (1982: 72) the sentence is a unit of a language that is relative standing of the clause. Baku Indonesian Grammar (1998) stated that the sentence is the smallest part of a speech or text (discourse) which reveal the intact language.