SEMANTICS

Semantics in Indonesian language derived from English semantics, from the Greek Sema (noun) 'mark': or from the verb samaino 'mark', 'mean'. The term used by linguists to describe parts of linguistics that studies the meaning.

Semantics is part of a three-level languages which include phonology, grammar (morphology-syntax) and semantics. The verb is semaino which means "mark" or "symbolize".

What is meant by a sign or symbol here as a synonym sema it is a sign of linguistic (French: signe linguistique) as proposed by Ferdinand de Saussure (1996), which is comprised of (1) component that defines, tangible forms of sound language and (2) defined component or the meaning of the first component. Both of these components is a sign or symbol; whereas marked or dilambanginya is something which is beyond language, commonly called referent or thing appointed.

The word semantics can be defined as the science of meaning or of meaning, which is one of the three level analysis of language: phonology, grammar, and semantics.

In addition to the term semantics in linguistic history there are also used other terms such as semiotics, semiology, semasiology, sememik, and semik to refer to the field of study of the meaning or significance of a sign or symbol. However, the semantics of the term more commonly used in linguistic studies for other terms that have the object of broader scope, encompassing the meaning of the sign or emblem in general.

In the semantic analysis should also be realized because of the language is unique, and has a very close relationship with the wearer's culture then the semantic analysis of a language only applies to the language course, can not be used to analyze other languages. The language is a cultural product and once the container conveys the culture of the community languages concerned.

Another difficulty in analyzing the significance is the fact that it is not always "the mark" and "marked" relates as one on one, that is to say, every linguistic sign has only one meaning. Sometimes the relationship is valid as opposed to two or more; it could be as two or more opponents one.

Example:

1) girlfriend 'inai'atau lover

2) books 'sheets of paper bound'

Besides the speakers a language consists of groups that represent cultural background, world view, and a different social status, hence the meaning of a word can be different or have different shades of meaning.

The views were an assortment of experts mejadikan experts have differences in interpreting the semantics. Understanding the different semantics is actually expected to linguistic disciplines to develop an extremely wide-ranging.

1. Charles Morrist, Suggests that the semantics examine "relations with the signs of objects which is a container application of these signs."

2. J.W.M Verhaar; 1981: 9 Suggests that the semantics (English: semantics) means a theory of meaning or significance theory, namely branch investigating systematic language meaning or significance.

3. Lehrer; 1974: 1, Semantics is the study of meaning. For Lehrer, semantics is a very broad field of study, because it helped offensive aspects of the structure and function of the language so that it can be connected with psychology, philosophy and anthropology.

4. Kambartel (in Bauerk, 1979: 195), semantics assumes that the language consists of a structure that reveals the meaning when linked to the objects in the world of human experience.

5. Britanika Encyclopedia (Encyclopedia Britannica, vol.20, 1996: 313), semantics is the study of the relationship between a linguistic distinction with the relationship of mental or symbols in speech activity.

6. Dr. Mansoer Pateda, Semantics is subdisiplin discuss linguistic meaning.

7. Abdul Chaer, Semantics is the study of meaning or the meaning. That is one of 3 (three) level of analysis of language (phonology, grammatical and semantic).

In linguistics, it is the study of interpretation of signs or symbols used in the institution or the community in specific circumstances and context. In this view, voice, facial expressions, body language, and proxemics have content semantics (meaning), and each of which consists of several branches of study. In written language, things like the structure of paragraphs and punctuation bear semantic content, other forms of language bore other semantic content.

Formal studies of semantic overlap with many other areas of investigation, including lexicology, syntax, pragmatics, etymology and others, though well defined semantics field in itself, often with synthetic nature. In the philosophy of language, semantics and references are inextricably linked. Related fields including philology, communication, and semiotics. Study formal semantics for being complex.

Semantically different from the syntax, the study of the language unit combinatorics (without reference to meaning) and pragmatics, the study of the relationship between language symbols, meanings, and language.

In linguistics, semantics is a sub-field devoted to the study of meaning, as inherent in the level of words, phrases, sentences, and larger units of discourse (text called). The base area of ​​research is the meaning of the signs, and the study of the relationship between the different linguistic units and compounds: homonymy, synonyms, antonyms, hypernymy, hyponymy, meronymy, metonymy, holonymy, paronyms.

The main concern is how the meanings attached to the pieces that are larger than the text, possibly as a result of the composition of smaller units of meaning. Traditionally, semantics has included the study of meaning and denotative reference, truth conditions, argument structure, thematic roles, discourse analysis, and the relationship of all this to the syntax.